Positive or negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch for vehicle safety devices

ABSTRACT

This conductive liquid switch is a novel mercury switch to be mounted on a horizontally moving apparatus such as an automobile and clearly distinguishes the condition of acceleration caused during the abnormal motion period in which the automobile is subjected to sudden acceleration or deceleration or skidding which is dangerous for the automobile from the conditions of acceleration caused during the period in which the automobile is parking, or is subjected to the usual acceleration or deceleration, or is travelling at a normal speed, thereby to open or close at least one electric circuit. This switch is activated when a predetermined value of acceleration is applied thereto in one direction for a predetermined period of time before the moving apparatus is tilted at a dangerous angle or turned upside down owing to a collision or the like, that is, the position of the moving apparatus is not different from the usual position thereof, thereby to operate an occupant&#39;&#39;s protection device such as a safety belt, an air bag, or a safety net.

United States. Patent [1 1 Ubukata et a1.

1 POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ACCELERATION OPERATED CONDUCTIVE LIQUID SWITCH FOR VEHICLE SAFETY DEVICES [75] Inventors: Susumu Ubukata, 549,

Nakasuna-cho; Yasukazu Mizutani, both of Nagoya, Japan [73] Assignee: said Ubukata, by said Mizutani [22] Filed: Feb. 2, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 329,168

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Feb. 10, 1972 Japan 47-14491 May 11, 1972 Japan 47-47529 May 25, 1972 Japan 47-52858 June 24, 1972 Japan 47-63485 June 19, 1972 Japan 47-72330 [52] US. Cl ZOO/61.47, 200/220, 200/223, 200/226 [51] Int. Cl. HOlh 35/14 [58] Field of Search ZOO/61.47, 190, 220, 221, 200/222, 223, 226, 229, 235, 236, 211-213; 307/10 R, 121

[ 56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,195,199 3 1940 Becker 200 211 Mar. 4, 1975 2,501,787 3/1950 Rickmeyer ZOO/222 2,560,717 7/1951 Boyer 200/211 2,786,919 3/1957 Connolly. 200/211 3,599,745 8/1971 Hughes ZOO/61.47 X 3,739,191 6/1973 Nagazumi et a1. ZOO/61.47 X

Primary E.\'aminerJames R. Scott [57] ABSTRACT This conductive liquid switch is a novel mercury switch to be mounted on a horizontally moving apparatus such as an automobile and clearly distinguishes the condition of acceleration caused during the abnormal motion period in which the automobile is subjected to sudden acceleration or deceleration 0r skidding which is dangerous for the automobile from the conditions of acceleration caused during the period in which the automobile is parking, or is subjected to the usual acceleration or deceleration, or is travelling at a normal speed, thereby to open or close at least one electric circuit. This switch is activated when a predetermined value of acceleration is applied thereto in one direction for a predetermined period of time before the moving apparatus is tilted at a dangerous angle or turned upside down owing to a collision or the like, that is, the position of the moving apparatus is not different from the usual position thereof, thereby to operate an occupants protection device such as a safety belt, an air bag, or a safety net.

8 Claims, 30 Drawing Figures PATENTEU W I 4 7 snmlp z FIG. 3

PATENTEU 4l975 SHEET 2 OF 7 DEVICE FOR FASTENING OCCUPANT TO SEAT POWER SOURCE FIGQ9 I 2 SWITCH Y A L E R R WU 00 PS awe;

PATENTED 41975 SHEET 3 OF 7 FIG. l3

FIG. IO

saw 5 o 7 VIII/f,"

PATENTEU sum 6 o 1 25 FIG.27

1 SITIYECR NEGATIVE ACCELERATION 'ATED' CONDUCTIVE LIQUID SWITCH FOR VEHICLE SAFETY DEVICES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to electrical switches to be mountedon apparatuses, such as aircraft, ships, and vehi eles', which will move in a horizontal direction, and

more particularly to an electrical switch which employs mercury as a sensing element to respond to variation in speed or acceleration.

It is well known in the art that an electrical circuit is opened or closed by tilting a mercury switch, or especially a container including mercury. Therefore, it is readily thought of that the container, or the switch can be mounted on an automobile so that, when the automobile is tilted over the threshold value of a gradient allowed to it, an electrical circuit is opened or closed as required for the safety ofthe automobile.

However, this method has difficulty such as, after the automobile or the like has had a collision, tilted or turned upside down, various safety devices provided on the automobile are actuated. In this connection, consider the case where a safety device such as an air bag or a seat belt is actuated to protect a passenger or an occupant in an automobile from injuries. When the automobile is involved in an accident, it must be completed to safely secure the passengers body to the seat by means of the safety device mentioned above before he hits a hard part, such as a windshield glass, of the automobile. However, such a switch as described above which will be actuated only when the automobile is tilted or turned upside down is useless for protection of the passenger, that is, it cannot be achieved by the switch to protect the passengers body from injuries.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is accordingly a first object of the invention to provide a conductive liquid switch, hereinafter merely referred to as switch in the specification as applicable for purposes of simplification, in which the condition of acceleration caused during the period in which a vehicle is subjected to sudden acceleration or deceleration, or skidding (hereinafter referred to as an abnormal motion period) is clearly distinguished from the condition of acceleration caused during the period in which the vehicle is parking, or is subjected to the usual acceleration or deceleration, or is travelling at a normal speed (hereinafter referred to as a normal motion period), thereby to close or open at least one electric circuit or vice versa.

A second object of the invention is to provide a switch which is maintained open during the normal motion period, but is closed during the abnormal motion period thereby to supply electric current to a device for securely fastening an occupant to his seat by means of a seat belt or to operate a device such as air bag for protecting the occupant from injuries.

A third object of the invention is to provide a switch for an automotive vehicle which remains closed to feed electric current to various devices necessary for driving the automotive vehicle during the normal motion period, but is opened during the abnormal motion period to interrupt the electrical circuits provided for the power source and accordingly to suspend the feeding of the electric current to the various devices for the purpose of preventing'the fuel from being ignited by sparks caused by electrical short-circuiting.

A fourth object of the invention is to provide a switch for an automotive vehicle which, when the automotive vehicle is about to skid on a road upon application of an emergency brake, can control a skid preventing device which adjusts a wheel braking power to effectively provide a braking action to the extent that the skid is not caused.

A fifth object of the invention is to provided a switch for an automotive vehicle which is activated when a predetermined acceleration is applied thereto for a predetermined time period before the automotive vehicle is tilted at a dangerous angle or turned upside down owing to a collision or the like, that is, while the position of the automotive vehicle is not different from its usual or normal position.

A sixth object of the invention is to provide a switch which comprises a proper quantity of mercury contained in a sealed container and a pair of electrical conductors which will be electrically connected or disconnected by the mercury, the electrical conductors being maintained electrically disconnected for the normal motion period during which the container has its normal position, and being electrically connected when the direction of acceleration applied to the mercury is changed by tilting the container or when, with the continer mounted on a moving apparatus such as a vehicle so as to have the normal position, acceleration different from that caused during the period the container has the normal position is applied to the mercury due to the tilting or turning upside down of the vehicle.

A seventh object of the invention is to provide a conductive liquid switch which comprises switching elements for responding to at least two acceleration periods at different responsive instants and which maintains an electrical circuit open or close when acceleration having a value exceeding an acceleration responsive value (described later) is applied thereto and operates a device such as a relay for controlling an ignition coil, a lamp, a starter motor, or the like when one or all of the switching elements are operated.

An eighth object of the invention is to provide a switch comprising a container including mercury, in which the shape and position of the mercury under gravity are changed when acceleration is applied thereto in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the gravity, or in a horizontal direction, thereby to open or close an electrical circuit connected to the switch,

the switch having such characteristics that it will not respond to vibratory acceleration which does not apply a predetermined acceleration thereto for a period more than a predetermined period, but will selectively respond to acceleration applied thereto in a predetermined direction for a sufficient long period.

A ninth object of the invention is to provide a switch comprising a container enclosing mercury, in which the shape and position of the mercury under gravity are changed when acceleration including components in the direction of gravity and in a horizontal direction is applied thereto, thereby to open or close an electrical circuit connected to the switch, the switch having a simple device for adjusting the sensitivity thereof.

A 10th object of the invention is to provide a switch in which the mass and cohesive force of mercury enclosed ,in a sealed container with a pair of conductors maintain the position and shape of the mercury definite I in connection with the-shape of the sealed container,

and tlie surface tension of the mercury is ingeniously utilized so that,'in' the case where the switch is mounted on a moving apparatus, the mercury electrically con- 'nects or disconnects the pair of conductors for the normalvmot-iomperiod'of the moving apparatus-and actuates the switchlupon application of acceleration caused during the abnormal mot-ion period thereof, as a result of which the switch can-respond to the'acceleration independently oftheinclination of the sealed container, or; prior to the occurence of the inclination of the sealed=containerz a l :,A-n -l;lth object of theiinvention is to provide a switch ,whichisadvantageous in that its acceleration responsive value'can be simply set as required, its responsive time period of from applying of acceleration exceeding the acceleration responsive value till closing of the switch can be selected as desired, and, where the switch is intended to respond to acceleration in a horizontal direction by mounting it on a moving apparatus which isaccomp anied by vertical vibration effected for a relatively short time, that is, vibratory noise of high frequency, the switch scarcely responds to that noise.

A 13th object of the invention is to provide a switch comprising components such as a container with one open end,a pair of circular conductors, and a cylindrical body, in which a responsive acceleration value and a responsive time period can be readily set as required by properly determining the dimensions ofthe components and a quantity of mercury enclosed in the "container.

A 14th object of the invention is to provide a switch which correct in operation and low in cost. The foregoing object and otherobjects of the inventionwill become more apparent from the following detaileddiscription and the appended claims'when read in conjufnc tio n with theaccompanying drawings.

I "BRIEEDE-SCRIPTION or THE DRAWINGS In theaccompanyingdrawings:

FIGS. 1', '2, 3, 7, 10, l3, l6, 19, 23, 24,25, 29, and 30 are side elevational cutaway views illustrating various examples of the acceleration operated switch acc'ording'to theinven tion; "FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a member for easily obtaining the sealing of the switch shown in FIG. 3;

FIGS. 5 and 6 are perspective views illustrating electrical conductors employed in the switch shown inFIG. 3, respectively; a

' FIGS. 8 and 9 are .block diagrams illustrating the connection of the switches according to the invention;

-- FIGS. ll and'l 2 illustrates the movement of the mercurycontained in the switch shown in FIG. 10;

'FlG.'l '4 is aplanview of the switch illustrating protruded portions provided as means for controllingthe movement of mercury;

- FIG. Ba plan view for illustrating another example of'the protruded portion;

" FIGS. 17 and 18 are perspective views illustrating other examples of the means forcontrolling the movement of mercury; v a

FIGS. 20,21, and 22 are explanatory drawings forillustrating' a method of fabricating and'adjusting the switch shown-in FIG-19; 1

FIG. 26 is a cross sectional view taken along line 26-26 of FIG. 25; and 2 1 7' I FIGS.27and"28 are explanatory drawing illustrating a methodof fabricating the switch shown in' FlG-.'25.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As conducive to a full understanding of'this invention, acceleration applied-to an automotive vehicle will first be described. f l A ln anexperiment in which adummy person's body was-positioned in anautomotive vehicle and thevehicle was subjected to-a collision withastationary body, it was measured that the'dummy person's body was subjected to deceleration of the order-of 30 G (G is a unit of gravity), that is,;negative acceleration(hereinafter referred to as acceleration" for simplification) ata vehicle speed of 30 km/H and to acceleration ofthe order of 80 G at a vehicle speedof 60 km/H. 5

Accordingly, if it is assumed that the distance S between the head of the dummy persons body and the windshield glass is 60 cm, then the time T from the application of acceleration of 30 G till collision of the head with the windshield glass is:

T= \l2S/30G 0.064 second or 64 ms. Therefore, the operation of an acceleration responsive switch and that ofa protection device operated thereby must be completed within a considerably short period of time, otherwisea passenger or occupant in the automobile will get injuried.

For instance, the acceleration measured at the position, which is best for mounting acceleration measuring device and has a least vibration, of a small passenger car whose enginehasa cylinder capacity of from 1,000 to 1,500 cc, was as follows. When the car is in the period during which it is parking, or is subjected to acceleration or deceleration, acceleration of from 0.2 to 0.3 G was, measured. When the car was travelling ona rough road at a constant speed of 50 km/H, acceleration of from-05G to l-6 G was measured in vertical, horizontal and lateraldirection. In conclusiomaccelep ation' caused during the normal motion period of the car, that is, in the period during which it is parking, or is subjected to acceleration or deceleration, or is travelling at a-constant speed was measured as 0.2 to 1.6 G.

On the other hand, acceleration during the abnormal motion period of the car, that is, when the car was applied with an emergency brake or subjected to sudden acceleration, was measured as 0.5 to 3 G at the same position, though the acceleration was variable depending on the conditions of the road, that is, whether or not the road is paved'or dry. 1 e

Hereinafter, a minimum value of accelerationv required forcausing an acceleration responsive switch to open or close is referred to as a responsive acceleration value. If it is assumed that 1 G is selected for the responsiveacceleration value out of theacceleration rangeof from 0.5 to 3 G measured during the abnormal motion period, this value I G is within the acceleration range of from 0.5 to 1.6 G measured while the car was travelling at theconstant speed, or during the normal motion period.

In this connection, studying of the vibratory acceleration caused during the period when the car is travelling at the constant-speed was performed. As a result, it was found that the frequency of the vibration is from and 7 60 Hz, and the duration of the acceleration in a certain direction is from to 8 ms. Accordingly it can be understood that a conductive example of the switch according to the invention which is normally .maintained open, but closed in the case when a vehicle is subjected to an abnormal motion.

The switch comprises a lid 1 made of an electrically conductive material as one conductor of the switch and a container 2 formed as the other conductor thereof. These conductors are fixedly supported by an electrical insulation material 3 filled therebetween thereby to form a sealed container having a space therein. The sealed container thus formed contains mercury Hg in the space in such a manner that there is a space between the mercury Hg and the lid 1. In the latter space an inert gas is charged, if necessary.

In FIG. 1, reference symbols D and L respectively represent the inside diameter of the lid 1 and the distance between the surface of the mercury Hg and the lower end of the lid 1 (hereinafter referred to as a distance-between-contacts L").

The responsive acceleration value depends on the ratio K of the inside diameter D to the distancebetween-contacts L. That is, the greater the ratio K L/D is, the greater the responsive acceleration value is. However, the responsive acceleration is not always simply proportional to the ratio K because of factors such as a surface tension of mercury.

The responsive time period of from the instant at which application of a predetermined acceleration exceeding the responsive acceleration value is effected to the instant at which the conductors 1 and 2 are electrically connected, depends on the distance-betweencontacts L. The responsive time period is also not always simply proportional to the distance-betweencontacts L because of factors such as a surface tension of mercury; however, the greater the distance betweencontacts L is, the longer the responsive time period is.

Accordingly, it can be understood that the size of the container is determined from the period of vibration which is caused during the normal motion period of a moving apparatus at a place where the mercury switch is installed.

In this connection, the experimental data of relation between the dimension D and the characteristics of the switch are indicated in the following table:

D Responsive Responsive With (Unit: mm) acceleration time acceleration value period of (unit: G) (unit: ms)

6 5 L5 l2 1.8 G 10 d) 1.0 L2 G 15 it 0.5 0.7 G

liquid switch having a responsive acceleration value of 5 G is activated when acceleration of 1.6 G is applied a thereto in a certain direction for, for instance, 30 ms of from 8 to 25 ms of the vibratory acceleration effected in a given direction during the normal motion period. However, the vibratory acceleration nearer to 1.6 G of the vibratory acceleration ranging from 0.5 to 1.6 G during the normal motion period is higher in frequency, and therefore the duration period in one direction is close to 8 ms.

in other words, if the responsive acceleration value of the switch is suitably selected at a point of the range 10 of acceleration caused during the abnormal motion pe- -riod, it is not always necessary for the responsive time period to be the longest time period of the duration periods of acceleration caused in one direction during the normal motion period.

More specifically, the magnitude of acceleration, which is longer in duration period than the accelerations caused during the normal motion period is often included in a lower part of the range of accelerations caused during the normal motion. This can be readily understood from the fact that the magnitude of acceleration in the mode of vibration is proportional to the product of the square of frequency and amplitude.

Another example of the switch according to the invention is shown in FIG. 2, which will close an electrical circuit during the normal motion period and will open the electrical circuit during the abnormal motion period.

This switch comprises two conductors respectively used as an upper electrode bar 11 and a lower electrode bar 12. These electrode bars 11 and 12 are fixedly supported by a container 13 made of an electrical insulation material so that they are spaced apart from each other as required. The container 13 has two parts A and B. The part A is smaller in inside diameter than the other part B. Mercury Hg is contained in the part A in such a manner that it electrically connects the upper electrode bar 11 to the lower electrode bar 12.

Upon application of acceleration greater than the re sponsive acceleration value to this switch for more than a predetermined time period, the mercury Hg is moved into the part B and is deformed, thus breaking the electrical connection between the electrode bars 11 and 12.

In this connection, the deeper the upper electrode bar 11 is inserted into the mercury, or the greater is a depth L the greater is the responsive acceleration value. The greater the inside diameter D, of the part A the smaller the responsive acceleration value. Furthermore, the responsive time period depends on the shape of the container is because it is affected by the movement of the mercury from the part A to the part B.

The switches shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are shaped circular in the cross-section for convenience in description; however, this circular shape is not limitative. The cross-section may be selected as desired according to the use of the switch so that the switch will respond to acceleration in a desired direction in a horizontal plane. For instance, the cross-section may be triangular if the same characteristics are required only in the three particular directions of the switch.

Shown in FIG. 3 is another example of the mercury switch according to the invention which comprises: a container 31 made of an electrical insulation material 5 such as synthetic resin or porcelain and having the upper end open; an upper conductor 32 and a lower conductor 33, each preferably being made of metals such as iron, nickel or tungsten which is hardly eroded iii are:closely-adhered to-an inside surface ofthe container 31-, :the upper conductor 32, and duc tor,33g respectively. r r 'ln this connection,itispreferable that gaps between the lower convtheseaclosely-"adhered portionsare made 'as small as pdssible'in" order to "limitthe-qu'antity of mercury 35 cominginto the 'gap's to the-ex tent-th'at the operational Variation of the switch is within an allowable tolerance thereof, or, in contrast, the gaps should be made wide enough to readily have the mercury returned when it has come in the gaps.

The mercury of the proper quantity for this switch is as shown in FIG. 3; When the switch is normally held, there is a distance L between the free surface of the mercury 35 and the lower end of the upper conductor 32.

The switch further comprises: a sealing material 36 by which the container 31, the upper conductor 32, the lower conductor 33',' and the cylindrical structure 34 are formed into one unit; and a member 37 for obtaining the easy sealing of the switch.

The sealing material36 is a bonding agent of synthetic resin which is obtained by mixing a hardener and a filler with epoxide resin, or a material such as glass which is melted at high temperature and then hardened intoasolid matter at low temperature.

I For the member 37, a heat-resistive'material such as ironis suitable in the case wheretheglass is employed asthe sealing material 36, while a therrno-plastic resin is preferable in thegcase where the bonding agent, of synthetic 'resinis employe'd jas the sealing material 36. T hefshape ofjthe member 37 is initiallyas shown in FIG, 4..The periphery 37C of the member 37 is first subjected toadhesion with a small-quantity of the sealmaterial 36 ,.and after the proper quantity of mercury being pourcdthro ugh an inlet37 A ofthegrnember 37,,intothe container 31, the tube-like part 37B of. the member 3,7.v is heatedand/or pressurized thereby to closethe inlet3 7AnThereafter, the sealing material 36 is sufficiently filled ,in the container 31 and. is then hardened lf necess ary,, after the mercury having been poured into the container 31, the air in the container 315-,maybe removed or maybe replaced with an inert gas-to-protect the mercury from contamination. .I

Theupper-conductor 32 and .the lower conductor 33, as shown in FIGS. and 6, have electrically conductive circular parts 32A and 33A and electrically conductive straight parts 32B and 333, respectively. The straight parts 328 and 33B are hermetically embedded by the sealing material 36in the container. g t

' It is as sumed-that-the switch shown in F IG. 3 is in its normal position. When the switchjthus normally posiif it is assumed that theinside diameters D,of ,the,cir-. cular parts32A and 33A, arefequal .and con stant,;, the responsive acceleration value will changetwith the dis,- tance L between the mercury surface and the c-ircu-larpartof the upperconductor32., e In other words, the responsive acceleration ,valu egcan beestimated from, an angle of inclination of the mercury which is obtained by. inclining theswitchmntilthe circularparts 32A and 33A become electrically con nected. .ln a 'relatively smallrange of the inclination degrees, a ratio between the responsive acceleration value and gravityis coincidjen'twith the tangent of the angle of inclination' If the responsive acceleration value that will make the switch conductive at an inclination angle of 45 or more ofthe switch is greater than approximately l G, a responsive acceleration value estimated from the tangent of the angle of inclination actually is rather excessive. For instance, although the responsive acceleration value estimated from the tangent of 45 is l G, the conductive parts can be electrically connected by the mercury by applying acceleration of the order of 0.8 .G in the direction of the arrow mark A. Furthermore, the responsive acceleration value estimated from 7l.5 is 3 G, but actually the conductive parts can be electrically connected by the mercury by applying acceleration of the order of 2 G inthe direction of the arrow mark A. Accordingly, it can be seen that the responsive acceleration value estimated from the tangent of the angle of inclination of the switch is different from that obtained by applying acceleration in the direction of the arrow mark A. This difference is due to the effect of a surface tension of mercury and thereforea degree of the difference changes .with the size of the switch, the quantity of the mercury,;a n d especially the meniscus ofthe mercury. The responsive time period ms (1/1000 seco nd).of from the application of acceleration over the responsive acceleration value to the switch till the closing of the switch can be obtained as required by properly determining the diameterD of the circularpa'rts of the conductors According to experiments on this, the relationships between the diameter D and-the responsive acceleration value and the responsive time period are asindicated in the following table:

With i 'If it is desirable 'to make the-responsive acceleration value relativelyxlow and to' make the responsive .time period relatively. long, the shapeof the switch should be made relatively; flat- Such a switch is shown in'FlG... .7 This switch comprises:.-a .container 71. having its upper end opened; anupper; conductor .712; a lower conductor713, a cylindrical structure 714 adapted to electrically insulate the upper conductorv from the lowerconductor and to fixedly support them;v mercury. 715; a sealing material 716; and a member 37 ,for easily obtainingtheseaiing of the container 711.

The upper conductor 712 isprovided with a leadQwire 712B welded thereto, while the lower-conductor 7l3-is also provide with a lead wire 713B; i v

In this switch, the responsive time period depends on the inside diameter Ds of the lower conductor. That is, the greater the inside diameter is, the longer the responsive time period is; or the smaller the inside diameter is, the shorter the responsive time period is. Furthermore, the responsive acceleration value depends on an angle formed in the bottom of the container. That is, the smaller the angle 0 is, the greater the responsive acceleration value is; or the smaller the angle 0 is, the greater the responsive acceleration is.

In case when the switch shown in FIG. 3 is vibrated up and down in a vertical direction, the surface of the mercury sometimes swells as shown by a phantom line V. In this case, even if the magnitude of the acceleration of this vertical vibration is smaller than the responsive acceleration value, the wave formed by the swelling of the mercury, depending on the period of the vibration, may sometimes rise higher than the lower end of the upper conductor 32 thereby causing an erroneous operation of the switch. In order to prevent this erroneous operation, the lower part of the upper conductor is made hollow.

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the switch according to the invention. The switch 81 comprises two switching elements P, and P connected in parallel to each other. The switching element P, is normally open switch which will be closed only when relatively high acceleration of, for instance, more than 2 G is applied thereto for a short duration period, for instance, 8 ms less than 0.01 second. The switching element P is also a normally open switch which will be closed only when a relatively low acceleration of, for instance, 0.5 G is applied thereto for a long duration period, for instance, 0.05 second.

The circuit shown in FIG. 8 further comprises a power switch SW, a power source E and an occupant securing device D, which operates to fixedly fasten an occupant to his seat in a vehicle when electric current is applied thereto and to release him when the electric current is interrupted.

The switching elements P, and P of the switch 81 are connected in parallel to each other as described above, and serve to control the supply of current from the power source to the occupant securing device D,. That is, when any one of the switching elements P, and P is closed, current is fed to the occupant securing device D,. It can be readily understood that the condition for closing the switching element P, is the value of acceleration caused during the abnormal motion period of a vehicle as described previously, whereas the condition for closing the switching element P is the period of time of acceleration continuously applied to the switch which is caused only during the abnormal motion period of the vehicle.

The acceleration responsive switches described with respect to FIGS. 1, 3 through 7 may be used as the switching means in the circuit shown in FIG. 8. That is, the switches shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 may be used as the switching element P, in FIG. 8 which is actuated by the application of high acceleration for a short time, while the switch shown in FIG. 7, as the switching element P in FIG. 8 which is actuated by the application of low acceleration for a long time.

Shown in FIG. 9 is also a block diagram illustrating another embodiment of the switch, or the acceleration responsive switch 92 according to the invention. This switch 92 comprises two switching element P and P which are connected inseries to each other and are normally closed switches which, upon closing of a power switch SW connected to a power source E, will supply electric current from the power source E to a suitable device D such as an ignition coil, a lamp, a starter motor, and an occupant securing device which does not secure an occupant to his seat in a vehicle during the period of time when electric current is applied thereto but fixedly secures him to the seat when the electric current is interrupted. The switching element P is so designed that it will open when a relatively high acceleration is applied thereto for a short time, while the switching element P, is so designed that it will open when a relatively low acceleration is applied thereto for a long period.

One preferable example of the switch 92 shown in FIG. 9 is illustrated in FIG. 10 which comprises: a container 1131 made of an insulating material such as porcelain which is not eroded by mercury and having a bottom part and a cylindrical part; and a sealing member 1132 made of an electrical insulating material and fixedly inserted in the container 113] to form a sealed switch.

The sealing member 1132 has a protruded portion 1132A at the center through which a conductor 1134 is provided. The lower end of the conductor 1134 is provided with a first electrode 1133 fixedly connected thereto. There is a space 1132B around the protruded portion 1132A. Reference 1135 is a ring-shaped second electrode confronting the bottom part of the container 1131 at a fixed distance therefrom and fixed to the sealing member 1132. A conductor 1136 is con nected to the ring-shaped electrode 1135. A proper quantity of mercury Hg is contained in the bottom part of the container so that it is in contact with the second electrode 1135, that is, the mercury closes the space 11323 provided around the protruded portion 1132A.

The operation of this switch will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12. When the switch is held as shown in FIG. 10, or in a normal position, the conductors 1134 and 1136 are electrically connected or short-circuited by the mercury Hg. However, if relatively high acceleration is applied to it in a horizontal direction for a short time, the mercury will be deformed and raised into the space 1132B as shown in FIG. 11, and at the same time separated into two parts by the narrow space formed by the interior surface of the container 1131 and the first electrode 1133, thereby to interrupt the electrical connection of the conductors.

In the case when relatively low acceleration is applied to the switch for a short time, the mercury will be swung a little, but it will maintain the short-circuit of the first electrode 1133 and the second electrode 1135, and soon it will restore back to its initial condition.

When the relatively low acceleration is applied to the switch for a long time, flowing, or raising, of the mercury is continuously effected thereby to interrupt the electrical connection of the first and second electrodes as shown in FIG. 12.

Two switches shown in FIG. 2 can be used as the switching elements P and P, of the acceleration responsive switch 92 shown in FIG. 9. If, in this case, these two switches are made different in responsive time period and responsive acceleration value from each other so that one of the two switches opens its electric circuit when relatively high acceleration is ap- 1 1 plied thereto fora short time while'the other switch opens the circuit when relatively low acceleration is applied thereto for a long time, it will achieve the first and seventh objects of the invention.

cylinder l43 adapted to support'the electrodes 14! and 142 so that these are spaced at-a. certain distance;.and mercury 144'. This switch is sealed by a sealing material 145 so as to separate the interior space of the switch Travelling 500 m. ofa

Vibration resisting rough road, at a speed characte ristic The average number of operatlons in The specific characteristic of the examples described 5 from the air. t above-with respect'to FIGS. 8 through 12 resides in that The cylinder 143 has four protruded portions 143A operating characteristics of the switching element which are formed in theshape of a jagged shelf and arwhich will operate when a relatively high acceleration ranged near the surface of the mercury 144 by welding is applied thereto fora short time and those of the orthe like. When only the gravity is applied to the switching element which will operate when a relatively 1O switch under the normal conditions ofthe switch, that low acceleration is applied thereto for a longtime, are is, no acceleration in a horizontal direction beapplied utilized so that the switching means will not respond to thereto, the shape of I the mercury is maintained as acceleration caused during the normal motion period, shown by the solid line in FIG. 13. butwill respond to acceleration caused during the ab- As is apparent from FIG. 13, under the normal condinormal motion period, thereby interrupting the current 15 tions, the switch is maintained open; supply from the power source to an ignition coil, a Now, when a predetermined value of acceleration is lamp, a starter motor, and the like to prevent the occuapplied to the switch in the direction of'an arrow mark rence of accidents and to secure the safety of the occu- A for a predetermined period of time, the shape of the pant. mercury l44will be deformed as shown by the dotted For instance, in the case where an acceleration reline,-that is, the mercury is raised above the protruded sponsive switch having only the switching element portions 143A, passing through the gaps formedtherewhich will operate when a relatively low acceleration ee A5 a esult, the mercury will Contact the secis applied thereto for a long time is employed, if it is as- 0nd electrode sumed that a minimum value of responsive acceleration If the protruded portions 143A is not provided in the is 0.5 G, the responsive time period in the application switch and acceleration is applied to the switch in a 'of acceleration .of 2G is naturally shorter than that in horizontal direction for a short period, or the direction the application of 0.5 G, that is, shorter by V 0.5G/2G of acceleration applied to the switch changes from the 9%, through this calculation is rough for correct comdirection of the arrow mark A to the opposite direction parison. However the former cannot be one-half or less Within a Short P thatv the Switch isv bje d I0 as shorter as the latter because practically there isan Vibration in a horizontal direction; the Surface of e initial operational loss with the switch. mer ry ill be raised as'a wave, or a ball-shaped mer- However, this difficulty can be solved by the present ury will be separated from the mercury 115 a result invention described with reference to FIGS. 8 through Of ich the electrodes 141 and 142 will be short- 12, in which acceleration caused during the normal Circuitedmotion periodv of a moving apparatus and that caused Accordingly, instead of the desirable fact that the during the abnormal motion period thereof are measwitch is operated by acceleration of a predetermined sured and the data of this measurement are analyzed value continuously applied for a predetermined period whereby the responsive acceleration values and the reof time, the switch is caused to operate when the operasponsive time periods of the switching elements are detion of the switch is not required, that is, the erroneous termined to have values for distingushing these acceler- 4O operation is caused by a so-called noise. Thus, the proationsfrom each other. vision of the protruded portions prevents the erroneous Therefore, in the case where the responsive time peoperation of the switch. riod at 0.5 G, of the switch which responds to the rela- Sh wn i FIG 14 is a c linder 143 which is protively. low acceleration is set at 50 ms so as not to Sense vided with a ring 1438 in place of the protruded porthe acceleration, caused during the normal travelling tions 143A (FIG. 15). A switch provided with such a i d f the vehicle, if acceleration of 2 G is applied cylinder 143a is not preferable because the operating thereto for a sufficiently, o g time, the responsive time characteristic of the switch is varied by the provision of period will become 25 ms or more. However, this is not the ring 143B. adequate its the. responsibility ofthe switch for the acci- An experiment was carried out on three switches dent prevention. Thus, it can be said that the use of two which were made by reducing their dimensions in proswitching element is effective. portion to the dimensions of FIG. 13 so that the inside .Shown in FIG. 13 is another example of the switch diameter of the second electrode 142 be 5.5 mm. A according to the present inventionwhich comprises: a first one, or a sample A, ofthe three switch s was made container 141, ora first electrode, made of an electriwithout the protruded portions 143A. A second switch, cally conductive material which will not eroded by or a sample 8, had the protruded portions 143A. A mercury; 11 second electrode 142 made in the form of third one, or a sample B had the ring 143B. The result a cylinder and having a conductor 142A; an insulating of the experiment is as indicated in the following table.

ample A I Sample S Sample B Test Test conditions (515 d) Protruded portion: Inside dia. of ring I [.5 mm wide X I438: 3dr

l.5 mm long Responsive time period Operated in Operated in twhenacccleration describl.5 G 0.015 second 0.0l6 second not operated ed right is continuously applied in the direction Operated in Operated in Operated in of the arrow mark A) 3.0 0 0.011 second 0.011 second 0.020 second I The average number The average. number of of operations in operations in five (when mounted on the body of 40 km/h. five travellings travellmgs five travellings of a small passenger (chattering) (chattering) (chattering) car) 22 times 1.5 times 1.7 times Continued Sample A Sample 5 Sample B Test Test conditions (5.5 45) Protruded portion: Inside din. of ring 1.5 mm wide X 1433: 3d) 1.5 mm long Responsing characteristic While driving on a With slipping of With slipping of the With slipping of under abnormal conditions (when mounted on the body of a small passenger car) dry smooth or flat road at a speed of 50 km/h, a passenger car is suddenly braked.

the order of 1 m, the speed of the car was 35 km/h and the switch order of l m, the speed of the car was 35 km/h and the switch was operated.

8 m, the ear stopped completely, but the switch was not operated.

was ope rated In other words, the sample S made in accordance with FIG. 13 showing such an outstanding characteristic in selectivity. will make no erroneous operation against vibration caused in vertical and horizontal direction without being affected by the range of the responsive time period (that is the period oftime of from application of acceleration in one direction till starting of the operation of the switch) which is the characteristic necessary for the acceleration responsive switch and the responsive acceleration value (that is the magnitude of the minumum acceleration for operating the switch).

In the switch having the ring 1438, ifthe diameter of the ring 1438 is increased to the order of 5.5 mm, the inside diameter of the second electrode and the diameter of a lump of mercury will be also increased. There fore, such a switch is variable in the responsive time period and the responsive acceleration value and is inferior in vibratory acceleration caused in vertical and horizontal directions.

Accordingly, it is difficult for the switch to have a desired characteristic without the protruded portions. This is because that the factor for determining the responsive time period depends on the spatial distance between the surface of the mercury and the second electrode 142, while the responsive acceleration value depends on the distance of a vertical component of from the surface of the mercury and the second electrode 142 with respect to the inside diameter ofthe second electrode 142 (in the case when the diameter of the lump of mercury is approximately the same as the inside diameter of the second electrode).

When acceleration is applied to the switch in the direction completely opposite to the direction of the gravity, or, when the switch is positioned upside down, it depends on the quantity of the mercury and the volume of the space in the container whether or not the switch is opened or closed.

Aiiother example of the switch according to the invention will be described with reference to FIG. 16 which is suitable for setting the responsive acceleration value relatively low. This switch comprises: a container 1710 made of an electrical insulating material; a first electrode 1711 made of a steel plate by pressing and provided with several protruded portions 1711A; a second electrode 1712 fixedly inserted in the container 1710 and having a conductor 1712A; an insulating cylinder 1713 for positioning the first and the second electrode 1711 and 1712 at a predetermined distance; a proper amount of mercury 1714; and a sealing material 1715 for sealing the container. The bottom part of the container 1710 is shaped conical and the inclination or vertical angle of the conical bottom affects the responsive acceleration value of the switch.

Since the first electrode 1711 occupies a part of the upper part of the sealed container, in the case the protruded portions 1711A formed from the first electrode by pressing, these should be reinforced. Therefore, the protruded portions are separately made as metal plate. which are fixedly welded to the first electrode 1711.

The number of the protruded portions 1711A is optional. It is desirable to provide them in four direction for the vibrations in the front and rear, and right and left directions. However, in order to prevent the erroneous operation of the switch with respect to the vibration in a particular direction, the protruded portions can be provided only in the particular direction. The

protruded portions 1711A may be protruded from the bottom part of the container 1710 for the same result.

Another example of the protruded portions is shown in FIG. 17 which briefly illustrates the relationships be tween the protruded portions, mercury held therein, and an electrode.

When viewed from the center of the electrode 1821, if the protruded portions 1822 and mercury contacting pieces 1821A are arranged coincidently on radial lines, the effect of preventing erroneous operations of the switch caused by vibratory acceleration will increase.

The electrode 1821 comprises contacting pieces 1821A for coming in contact with the mercury when the acceleration is applied to the switch, and connecting portions 18218 for connecting these contacting pieces 1821A.

It is preferable that the connecting portions 18218 are insulated so that they are not directly in contact with the mercury in the container. The connecting portions 18218 are means for fixing the contacting pieces 1821A in the container. Reference 1823 is the mercury which is in contact with the other electrode (not shown).

Under the conditions as shown in FIG. 17, ifa proper ,value of acceleration is applied to the switch for a proper period of time, the mercury will flow through the gaps between the protruded portions 1822 and come in contact with the contacting piece 1821A, thus short-circuiting a pair of electrodes.

Shown in FIG. 18 is one modification of the device shown in FIG. 17. The modification comprises protruded portions 1822 and mercury 1823 which are such a modification will not be activated by vibratory acceleration, but, will be activated by predetermined acceleration continuously applied for a certain period thereby 'to short-circuitthe electrodes 1924 and 1 92 5. Ttreswitches shown in FIGS. 13 through 18 are mai ntained normally open, but are closed, whena predetermined value of acceleration is applied thereto in a horizontal direction. However, these switches can be readily modified into switches which are normally closed, but are opened when predetermined acceleration is applied thereto.

Such a switch can be made by arranging a pair of electrodes insulated from each other so that these electrodes are in contact with mercury under the normal conditions and when the mercury is deformed by the application of the responsive acceleration, at least one of the electrodes breaks contact with the mercury.

The switches described with respect to FIGS. 13 through 18 are circular in the cross section for convenience in description, which is preferable so that the switchrespo nses to acceleration applied thereto in a horizontal direction becausein this case the characteristic of the switch'does not change. However in the case where accelerations are applied to the switch in the particular directions which form, for instance 90 with each other, the cross section of the switch may be square. Further, if the particular directions from 120 with oneanother, the cross section of the switch may be triangular.

.Another example of theswitch according to .the. invention is illustrated in FIG. 19 which comprises: a first electrode 201 made ofelectrically conductivematerial such. as ironand an alloy of iron and nickel which will not be eroded by mercury; and a second electrode 202 tmade ofmaterial.such as iron. The first electrode 201 ismadein the form of a lid, while the second electrode 202 ismade in theform of a cylinder having a part 2 t i'2 ofa larger diameter,- a part 202B or a smaller diameter, and a flange 202C. The thickness of the flange 202Cis thinner than those of the parts 202A and 202B. ,fThisswitch further comprises:' a thin bottom plate 203 along thethe periphery of which a wave-shaped portion 203A is formed, the thin bottom plate 203 being fixcdlyc'onnected'to the flange 202C by welding orth'e likejan electrical insulating filler 204 of glass, porcelain or synthetic resin; and mercury 205.

These parts .or'materials are assembled to form the switch in theformiof a sealed container. The process ofifabricating the switch will be described.

second electrode 202. In the case when glass is employedas the tiller, glass powder or pelletis first filled lathe space and-then heated until it is melted and fixedly adheredto the first and-the second electrode. .Then, after the first electrode 201 and thesecond electrode202 have been fixedly secured by cooling the melted glass, the holding tool H is removed, thereby forming a structurelike a container. Therefore. it is desirable that the holding tool H is made of refractory or heat-resisting "material like carbon which can be readily separated from glass, or the holding tool H is coated with an agent for easily separating it from the glass.

' In 'thecase when epoxide resin iscniployed as the filler, the process of securing the electrodes with the epoxide resin is roughly the same as in the glass except that heating conditions are different. h

After cleaning the inside of the container-like structure, a proper quantity of mercury 205 is poured into the structurethrough the flange 202C that is the opening end of the structure, the bottom plate-203is correctly placed on the flange 202C, and the flange and the bottom plate are then welded by applying a large electric currentso as to close the container-like structure.

This closing of the structure may be achieved by other methods. For instance, as shown in FIG. 21, if the flange 202C isextended to form a protruded portion 202D, the bottom plate 203 can be secured on the flange 202C by squeezing the protruded portion 202D or applying synthetic resin such as epoxide resin along the protruded portion, thus forming a sealed container.

It is preferable to seal the container-like structure in the particular atmosphere such as hydrogen gas or inert gas because it will minimize contamination of the mercury.

Referring back to FIG. 19, under the normal'conditions, there is a space between the first electrode 201 and the second electrode 202, that is, these electrode are not short-circuited. However, when acceleration is applied to the switch in a horizontal direction or in the direction oppositeto that of the gravity, the shape of the mercury 205 will be deformed, or the position thereof will be changed. That is, the mercury will be moved a'slant or moved to the first electrode 20l side, as a result of which the mercury simultaneously contacts both ofthe electrodes thereby shorting the latter.

In the accelerationresponsive switch, as shown in FIG. 19, having a circular cross-section, the characteristics of a responsive acceleration'value and responsive time periodthereof,described above depend on variation or fluctuation of the inside diameter of the container-like structure and fluctuation of the distance between the lower end of the first electrode 201 and the surface of the mercury 205 in the switch correctly positioned under the normal conditions. That is, the responsive acceleration value and the responsive time period will change with the distance. s s

The inside diar'neters of high accuracy of the electrodes 201 and 202 can be readily manufactured, and therefore. fluctuation of the quantity of the mercury and that of the filler are left as important'factors. It is possible to obtain the insidediameter of the tiller 204 approximately the same in accuracy as the'electr odes forming the interior space in thecontainer-like structure, if the treatment of thefiller, namely, glass or synthetic resin, is controlled in consideration withthe effect of contraction caused when it is solidified. The distance, which is one of the dimensions of the tiller, between the electrodes 201 and 202 affects the dielectric strength of the switch. Since the cross-sectional area of the container-like structure is proportional to the square of the inside diameter of the cylindrical part, or

the second electrode 202 where the mercury is contained, the fluctuation of the diameter will considerably affect the distance between the surface of the mercury and the first electrode 201 even if it is slight.

In other words, the fluctuations of the inside diameters of the electrodes 201 and 202 and the fluctuation of the inside diameter of the filler 204 will cause the variation of volume of the interior space in the sealed switch, even if the fluctuations are not so great as to considerably affect the operating characteristics of the switch. A geometrical error of this variation and the variation in controlling the quantity of the mercury will considerably change the distance between the surface of the mercury and the first electrode 201. Thus, it can be seen that the fluctuations of the inside diameters of the electrodes and the filler are main factors which will lower the characteristics of the acceleration responsive switch.

Therefore, in order to adjust the volume of the interior space in the sealed switch, an adjusting tool W as 21 shown in FIG. 22 is used. The bottom plate 203 and the flange 202C are inserted in a groove W of the adjusting tool W, which is turned upwards or downwards for adjusting the volume of the interior space in the switch.

By turning the adjusting tool upwards, or in the direction of the arrow mark, the flange 202C is bent, and the bottom plate 203 is inflated outwards in the form of a dish, thereby increasing the volume described above where the mercury is contained. In contrast, by turning the adjusting tool downwards, or in the direction opposite to the direction of the arrow mark, the volume will decrease. In this connection, it is preferable that an even and uniform force is exerted to the whole periphery of the flange 202C in bending it.

Shown in FIG. 23 is another example of the switch according to the invention. The switch shown in FIG. 19 is suitable for the case where relatively high responsive acceleration of the order of, for instance, 1 G or more is applied thereto in a horizontal direction.

It is possible to make this type of switch (FIG. 19) response the acceleration of the order of 0.5 G; however it will have difficulty such as inferior vibration-resisting characteristic because the distance between the surface of the mercury and the first electrode 201 is smaller.

The switch shown in FIG. 23 is provide according to the invention to solve the difficulty described above, which comprises; a first electrode 201a made in the form ofa lid; a second electrode 202a made in the form of a cylinder; a bottom plate 203a; a filler 204a; and mercury 2050. These components forms a sealed container, or the switch, in the same manner as in FIG. 19.

The bottom plate 203a is made in the form ofa cone, and the gradient of the plate 2030, or a conical angle, will determine the responsive acceleration value of this switch.

The responsive acceleration value can be adjusted by turning the adjusting tool W upwards or downwards in the same manner as described with respect to FIG. 22. More specifically the gradient of the plate 2030 is changed by turning the adjusting tool W upwards or downwards, thereby adjusting the responsive acceleration value and the responsive time period.

This type of switch can make great the ratio of the volume of the interior space to the quantity of the mercury, and therefore the characteristic of the switch is affected by the fluctuation of the quantity of the mercury, but the affection is relatively little.

In the switch shown in FIG. 23, the distance between the free surface of the mercury 205a and the first electrode 201a is relatively great, and it is therefore liable to cause the mercury to splash or jump when the switch is vertically vibrated, as a result of which the switch will have erroneous operation. This trouble can be avoided by providing a conical structure 256 in the space under the first electrode 201a as is shown in FIG. 24. By the provision of the conical structurer 256, the electrodes 201a and 202b can be short-circuited without increasing the quantity of the mercury.

With reference to FIG. 25, there is shown another example of the switch. In this example, the shape of the cross-section of a container of mercury is changed to adjust the cross-sectional area thereof thereby to raise or lower thet surface of the mercury. The operation of this switch is similar to that of the switch shown in FIG. 19, and the construction of theswitch (FIG. 25) is also similar to that of the switch shown in FIG. 19 except that the cylindrical structure, or the second electrode 202, is replaced with a container, or a second electrode 202b, having a bottom and the first electrode 201 is replaced with a first electrode 201!) having a thin tube 201Ab. In FIG. 25, reference 205b is mercury and reference 204 is a filler.

In the case where glass is employed as the filler 204, the glass is molded as a pellet 204A whose dimensions allow it to properly be inserted between the first electrode 20111 and the second electrode 202b as shown in FIG. 27. Then, these components, namely, the electrodes 201b and 202b, and the pellet 204A are assembled into one unit, and then the unit is heated in a heating device such as an induction type heating furnace thereby especially heating the metal parts, or the electrodes, of the unit. In this case, the surface of the pellet contacting the surfaces of the metal parts should be melted in such a manner that the shape of the pellet is not deformed, thereby to closely adhered to the surfaces of the metal parts.

In the case where a filler having a heat-resisting property and an air-tight property which are lower than those of glass can be used, the relative position of the electrodes 201b and 202b is fixed by a spacer 2048 made of an electrical insulating material as shown in FIG. 28, and then a liquid bonding agent 2040 of epoxide resin is poured into the space formed by the electrodes 201b, 202b and a spacer 204b. Thereafter, the liquid bonding agent 2040 is solidified to fixedly secure the electrodes and the spacer. Then, after a proper quantity of mercury being poured through the thin tube 201Ab, a proper gas is filled in the container 202b if necessary. After this, the thin tube 201Ab is squeezed and sealed by, for instance, welding, thereby forming a sealed container, or the switch.

The cross-section of the lower part 202Ab of the container 202b is elliptical as shown in FIG. 26. When forces are exerted on the lower part 202Ab in the directions of arrow marks A, and A the cross-sectional area thereof will increase. In contrast, when forces are exerted on the lower part 202Ab in the directions of arrow marks B, and B the cross-sectional area will decrease. Thus, the operating characteristics ofthe switch can be changed as desired, or can be set within the desired range of the operating characteristics. The directions of the forces acting to the lower part 202Ab is t 19 straight, in FIG. 26, however the lower part 202Ab may be'twiste'd foradjusting the cross-sectional area and accordingly the volume of the container 202]).-

atrAnothenexample of the switchaccording to the inventiontis shown in. FIG. 29. The shape of this switch is somewhatsimilar to those of the switches shown in FIGS.- 23 and 24 which are suitable for-a low responsive acceleration value. However, the switch shown in FIG. 29 is gdifferentfrom these shown in-FIGS'. 23 and 24 in the, switching method. Thatis, it is normally closed, but is opened whenacceleration is applied to the'switch in a, horizontal; direction.

This switch comprises: a lid 201c which secures a first electrodejtflwith the aid ofafiller204b of electrical insulatingmaterial at the center of the lid; and a bottom plate 203b is joined to the lid 201e, thereby forming a sealed container. The bottom plate 203b has an adjusting part 203A!) which is relatively thin in thickness. The

sealed container includes a proper quantity of mercury 2050. The adjusting part 203Ab has the same function as the lower part 202Ab shown in FIG. 25.

' according to the invention. The sensitivity adjusting range of this switch is greater than those of the examples previously described. In addition, this switch is very high in adjusting accuracy and has means for varying the characteristics thereof. Some of the switches previously described have such means, but it is of the semi-fixed type. i

The "switch shown in FIG. 30 comprises a lid 201a; filler 204a; and mercury 205a which are respectively equivalent to those shown in FIG. 29. The switch further comprises a cylindrical part 2020 composing a part ofthe sealed container of the switchzand a L-shaped supporting part 202Ac extending downwards from the cylindrical partxAn-adjusting screw 318 is screwed in the end portion of the L-shaped supporting part 202Ac, there'liyabuttin'g the lower end of a bottom plate'203c. The bottom plate 203c is'made of an elastic material in the' form' of adiaphragm, having a wave-like part '3Acprovided near along the circumference of the bottom plate 2036'. Therefore, the bottom plate 203C can be considerably moved'upwards-or downwards by ine-ans 'of theadjusting screw 318-. If necessary, the adjusting screw 318 maybe provi'd'ed'with a scale for indicating-thesensitivity of the switch.

The methods of increasing-the accuracy and range in adjusting the sensitivity of the switch and of fabricating the switch of the variable type as described above, can beiapplied to all-the switches described above.

We:claim:

11A. positive or negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch for a horizontally moving apparatus which comprises: at least one sealed container which is to be mounted on the horizontally moving ap- .paratus and has electrically conductive contact means .toselectively open and close at least one electrical circuit tojprovide respectively first and second operating modes thereof; and electrically conductive fluid contained in the sealed container and adapted toelectrically communicate with the electrically conductive contact means, the electrically conductive contact means and-theelectrically conductive fluid being arranged so that' the" electrically conductive contact means operates to selectively connect the electrical circuit in the first of said operating modes upon .only gravity'being applied to theelectrically conductive fluid, but, when'acceleration in ahorizontal direction and the gravity are simultaneously applied -to the electrically conductive fluid, the electrically conductive fluid is deformed to cause the electrically conductive contact means to connect the electrical circuit in thesecond of said operating modes both-in the case where a firstaccelerationv ina horizontal directionexceeding a first threshold value which is relatively lowis applied in one direction for a first duration period which is relatively long andin the case where a second acceleration in a horizontal direction exceeding a second threshold value which is relatively high is applied in one direction for a second duration period which is relatively short.

2. A positive or negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch for a horizontally moving appara tus as claimed in claim 1, which comprises first and second sealed containers each of which hasat least one pair of electrically conductive contacts and is to be mounted on the horizontally moving apparatus, the electrically conductive contacts in the first and second sealed containers being connected in parallel to each other; and firstand second electrically conductive fluids contained respectively in the first and second sealed containers, the first and second electrically conductive fluids causing the respective electrically conductive contacts to be electrically disconnected for a period during which only gravity is applied to the first and second electrically conductive fluids, the first electrically conductive fluid causing .the electrically conductive contacts of the first sealed container to be electrically connectedwhen the firstacceleration and'the gravity are simultaneously-applied to the first electrically conductive fluid for the first duration period, and the second electrically conductive fluidcausing the electricallyconductive contacts of the-second sealed container tobe electrically .connected when the second accelerationand the gravityare simultaneously applied to the-second electrically conductive fluid for the secon duration, period. v

. 3. A- positiveor negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch as claimed in claim 1, which comprises first and second sealed containers each of which hasat least onepair of electrically conductivecontacts and. is to be mounted on the horizontally movingapparatus, the electrically conductive contacts beingconnected iniseries to each other; and first andsecond electrically conductive fluids contained respectively in the first and second sealed containers, the first and second electrically conductive fluids causing therespective electrically conductive-contacts to be electrically connected for a period during which only gravity is applied tothe first and second electrically conductive fluids, the first electrically conductive fluid causing the electrically conductive contacts of the first sealed container to beelectrically disconnected when the first acceleration and the gravity are simultaneously applied to the first electrically conductive fluid for the first duration. period, and the second. electrically conductive fluid causing the electricallyconductivecontactsof the second sealed container to be electrically disconnected when the second acceleration and the gravity are simultaneously applied to the second electrically conductive fluid for the second duration period.

4. A positive and negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch as claimed in claim 1, which comprises: a container including a cone-shaped bottom part and a cylindrical part extending from the cone-shaped bottom part; and electrical insulating lid inserted in the container along the inside of the bottom part so as to form a sealed room; a proper quantity of electrically conductive fluid enclosed in the electrically conductive fluid enclosed in the sealed room; a first electrode connected to the lower end of a conductor penetrating through a protruded portion extending downwards from the center of the lid; a ring-shaped second electrode with a surface confronting the cone-shaped bottom part substantially at a constant distance; and a spatial part formed around the protruded portion and in succession with the sealed room, the electrically conductive fluid being maintained in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode thereby forming an electrical circuit for a period during which only gravity is applied to the electrically conductive fluid, moving outwards along the cone-shaped bottom part when the first acceleration and the gravity are simultaneously applied to the electrically conductive fluid for the first duration period, and allowing a part of the electrically conductive fluid to move into the upper part of the spacial part to open the electrical circuit when the second acceleration and the gravity are simultaneously applied to the electrically conductive fluid for the second duration period.

5. A positive and negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch as claimed in claim 2, which comprises a control member provided at a passage, into which the electrically conductive fluid is moved upon application of acceleration, so as to control movement of the electrically conductive fluid, thereby to obtain desired responsive conditions of the switch.

6. A positive and negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch as claimed in claim 3, which comprises a control member provided at a passage, into which the electrically conductive fluid is moved upon application of acceleration, so as to control movement of the electrically conductive fluid, thereby to obtain desired responsive conditions of the switch.

'7. A positive and negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch as claimed in claim 5, in which at least a pair of electrically conductive contacts and the control members for controlling the movement of the electrically conductive fluid are coaxially arranged in a horizontal plane.

8. A positive and negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch for a horizontally moving apparatus which comprises: a sealed container which has at least one pair of electrically conductive contacts and is to be mounted on the horizontally moving apparatus; and an electrically conductive fluid contained in the sealed container and adapted to electrically communicate with the electrically conductive contacts, the sealed container having a part adapted to be deformed to adjust sensitivity of the switch with respect to acceleration applied thereto in a horizontal direction, said deformable part of said sealed container being a cylindrical part, the cross-section of the cylindrical part being deformed, for instance, from an ellipse to a circle or vice versa to increase or decrease the volume of an interior space in the sealed container where the electri cally conductive fluid is contained and accordingly to raise or lower the upper surface of the electrically conductive fluid, whereby the switch is adjusted to respond to a predetermined acceleration which is applied to the switch in a horizontal direction. 

1. A positive or negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch for a horizontally moving apparatus which comprises: at least one sealed container which is to be mounted on the horizontally moving apparatus and has electrically conductive contact means to selectively open and close at least one electrical circuit to provide respectively first and second operating modes thereof; and electrically conductive fluid contained in the sealed container and adapted to electrically communicate with the electrically conductive contact means, the electrically conductive contact means and the electrically conductive fluid being arranged so that the electrically conductive contact means operaTes to selectively connect the electrical circuit in the first of said operating modes upon only gravity being applied to the electrically conductive fluid, but, when acceleration in a horizontal direction and the gravity are simultaneously applied to the electrically conductive fluid, the electrically conductive fluid is deformed to cause the electrically conductive contact means to connect the electrical circuit in the second of said operating modes both in the case where a first acceleration in a horizontal direction exceeding a first threshold value which is relatively low is applied in one direction for a first duration period which is relatively long and in the case where a second acceleration in a horizontal direction exceeding a second threshold value which is relatively high is applied in one direction for a second duration period which is relatively short.
 2. A positive or negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch for a horizontally moving apparatus as claimed in claim 1, which comprises first and second sealed containers each of which has at least one pair of electrically conductive contacts and is to be mounted on the horizontally moving apparatus, the electrically conductive contacts in the first and second sealed containers being connected in parallel to each other; and first and second electrically conductive fluids contained respectively in the first and second sealed containers, the first and second electrically conductive fluids causing the respective electrically conductive contacts to be electrically disconnected for a period during which only gravity is applied to the first and second electrically conductive fluids, the first electrically conductive fluid causing the electrically conductive contacts of the first sealed container to be electrically connected when the first acceleration and the gravity are simultaneously applied to the first electrically conductive fluid for the first duration period, and the second electrically conductive fluid causing the electrically conductive contacts of the second sealed container to be electrically connected when the second acceleration and the gravity are simultaneously applied to the second electrically conductive fluid for the second duration period.
 3. A positive or negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch as claimed in claim 1, which comprises first and second sealed containers each of which has at least one pair of electrically conductive contacts and is to be mounted on the horizontally moving apparatus, the electrically conductive contacts being connected in series to each other; and first and second electrically conductive fluids contained respectively in the first and second sealed containers, the first and second electrically conductive fluids causing the respective electrically conductive contacts to be electrically connected for a period during which only gravity is applied to the first and second electrically conductive fluids, the first electrically conductive fluid causing the electrically conductive contacts of the first sealed container to be electrically disconnected when the first acceleration and the gravity are simultaneously applied to the first electrically conductive fluid for the first duration period, and the second electrically conductive fluid causing the electrically conductive contacts of the second sealed container to be electrically disconnected when the second acceleration and the gravity are simultaneously applied to the second electrically conductive fluid for the second duration period.
 4. A positive and negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch as claimed in claim 1, which comprises: a container including a cone-shaped bottom part and a cylindrical part extending from the cone-shaped bottom part; and electrical insulating lid inserted in the container along the inside of the bottom part so as to form a sealed room; a proper quantity of electrically conductive fluid enclosed in the electrically conductive fluid enclosed iN the sealed room; a first electrode connected to the lower end of a conductor penetrating through a protruded portion extending downwards from the center of the lid; a ring-shaped second electrode with a surface confronting the cone-shaped bottom part substantially at a constant distance; and a spatial part formed around the protruded portion and in succession with the sealed room, the electrically conductive fluid being maintained in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode thereby forming an electrical circuit for a period during which only gravity is applied to the electrically conductive fluid, moving outwards along the cone-shaped bottom part when the first acceleration and the gravity are simultaneously applied to the electrically conductive fluid for the first duration period, and allowing a part of the electrically conductive fluid to move into the upper part of the spacial part to open the electrical circuit when the second acceleration and the gravity are simultaneously applied to the electrically conductive fluid for the second duration period.
 5. A positive and negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch as claimed in claim 2, which comprises a control member provided at a passage, into which the electrically conductive fluid is moved upon application of acceleration, so as to control movement of the electrically conductive fluid, thereby to obtain desired responsive conditions of the switch.
 6. A positive and negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch as claimed in claim 3, which comprises a control member provided at a passage, into which the electrically conductive fluid is moved upon application of acceleration, so as to control movement of the electrically conductive fluid, thereby to obtain desired responsive conditions of the switch.
 7. A positive and negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch as claimed in claim 5, in which at least a pair of electrically conductive contacts and the control members for controlling the movement of the electrically conductive fluid are coaxially arranged in a horizontal plane.
 8. A positive and negative acceleration operated conductive liquid switch for a horizontally moving apparatus which comprises: a sealed container which has at least one pair of electrically conductive contacts and is to be mounted on the horizontally moving apparatus; and an electrically conductive fluid contained in the sealed container and adapted to electrically communicate with the electrically conductive contacts, the sealed container having a part adapted to be deformed to adjust sensitivity of the switch with respect to acceleration applied thereto in a horizontal direction, said deformable part of said sealed container being a cylindrical part, the cross-section of the cylindrical part being deformed, for instance, from an ellipse to a circle or vice versa to increase or decrease the volume of an interior space in the sealed container where the electrically conductive fluid is contained and accordingly to raise or lower the upper surface of the electrically conductive fluid, whereby the switch is adjusted to respond to a predetermined acceleration which is applied to the switch in a horizontal direction. 